What is Laparoscopic Endometriosis Surgery? Process and Recovery

What is Endometriosis? Endometriosis is a chronic disease that occurs with the growth of endometrium tissue, which lines the inside of the uterus, outside the uterus, especially in areas such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and abdominal cavity. This situation can lead to symptoms such as severe menstrual pain, pain during sexual intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility.

What is Laparoscopic Endometriosis Surgery? Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery is a minimally invasive surgical method. In this method, a laparoscope (camera) and surgical instruments are placed through a few small incisions made in the abdominal region. The surgeon, with the help of these instruments, removes or destroys the endometriosis foci and, if present, chocolate cysts (endometriomas). This method offers advantages over open surgery such as less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery.

Who is it Suitable For? Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery is generally recommended in the following situations:

• Those experiencing severe pelvic pain that does not respond to medical treatment

• Women who have infertility problems and are diagnosed with endometriosis

• Those with large chocolate cysts in the ovaries (generally larger than 4 cm)

• Individuals whose quality of life has decreased due to endometriosis

Stages of the Surgery

• Preparation: General anesthesia is administered before the surgery.

• Making the Incision: A few small incisions are made in the abdominal region.

• Laparoscope Placement: The camera and surgical instruments are placed inside through these incisions.

• Detection and Treatment of Endometriosis Foci: Endometriosis foci and cysts are detected and removed or destroyed.

• Closure: After the procedure is completed, the incisions are closed and the patient is awakened.

Recovery Process The post-operative recovery process varies from person to person but is generally as follows:

• Hospital Stay: Most patients are discharged within 24 hours after the surgery.

• First Days: There may be mild abdominal pain and gas pains; they can be controlled with painkillers.

• First Week: Light daily activities can be resumed; heavy physical activities should be avoided.

• 2-4 Weeks: The full recovery process usually takes 2 to 4 weeks.

• Sexual Activity: It is generally recommended to avoid sexual intercourse for 3-4 weeks after the surgery.

Advantages of the Surgery

• Minimally Invasive: Less pain and faster recovery thanks to small incisions.

• Less Infection Risk: Small incisions reduce the risk of infection.

• Cosmetic Advantages: Leaves less noticeable scars.

• Quick Return to Daily Life: A return to normal life is possible in a short time.

Risks and Considerations As with any surgical intervention, laparoscopic endometriosis surgery also has some risks:

• Decrease in Ovarian Reserve: Especially during the removal of large cysts, there may be a decrease in ovarian reserve.

• Risk of Endometriosis Recurrence: Endometriosis may recur after surgery; this risk varies between 15-25%.

• Complications: Although rare, complications such as infection, bleeding, or organ damage may be seen.

Conclusion Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery is an effective method in the treatment of endometriosis. It is preferred for its advantages such as being minimally invasive, a fast recovery process, and less risk of complications. However, as with any surgical intervention, this surgery also has its risks. Therefore, it is important to create the most appropriate treatment plan by making a detailed evaluation with an experienced gynecologist.