Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that develops from the cells lining the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium). It is generally seen in the postmenopausal period, and the treatment success is high when diagnosed at an early stage.

What Causes Uterine Cancer?

Risk factors that can be effective in the development of uterine cancer include:

• Postmenopausal estrogen therapy (without adding progesterone)

• Obesity

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Having never given birth (nulliparity)

• Family history of uterine, ovarian, or bowel cancer

• Diabetes and hypertension

Uterine Cancer Symptoms

• Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

• Irregular bleeding between menstrual periods

• Bleeding after sexual intercourse

• Pain or pressure sensation in the lower abdominal region

• Weight loss and fatigue (in advanced stages)

How is Uterine Cancer Diagnosed?

• Gynecological examination

• Transvaginal ultrasound – Measurement of the uterine wall thickness

• Endometrial biopsy – Confirmation of the presence of cancerous cells

• Hysteroscopy if necessary

Stages of Uterine Cancer

• Stage I: Cancer is confined to the uterus.

• Stage II: It has spread to the cervix.

• Stage III: It has spread to lymph nodes or tissues in the pelvic region.

• Stage IV: There is distant organ metastasis.

Uterine Cancer Treatment

• Surgery: Removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries (total hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy)

• Radiotherapy

• Chemotherapy

• Hormone therapy (especially in advanced or recurrent disease)

The Importance of Early Diagnosis

Uterine cancer is generally a cancer that gives early symptoms. Postmenopausal bleeding must be taken seriously, and a gynecologist should be consulted without delay.

Uterine Cancer Treatment in Istanbul

As Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Andan, I apply multidisciplinary approaches compliant with current guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine cancer.

Frequently Asked Questions

In whom is uterine cancer more common?

It is more common in postmenopausal women and those carrying risk factors.

Can uterine cancer be prevented?

Physical activity, healthy nutrition, and careful use of hormone therapies can reduce the risk.

Is it possible to have children after uterine cancer treatment?

In the early stage, fertility-sparing treatment options are possible but may not be suitable for every case.